the root (no rank)
Eukaryota (domain)
Metazoa (kingdom)
Chordata (phylum)
Craniata (subphylum)
Vertebrata (no rank)
Gnathostomata (superclass)
Sarcopterygii (class)
Tetrapoda (no rank)
Amniota (no rank)
Sauropsida (no rank)
Sauria (no rank)
Archosauria (no rank)
Aves (class)
Neognathae (superorder)
Sphenisciformes (order)
Spheniscidae (family)
penguins (common name)
[hide inferior taxa]
Aptenodytes (genus)
Eudyptes (genus)
Eudyptula minor (species)
Pygoscelis (genus)
Spheniscus (genus)