the root (no rank)
Eukaryota (domain)
Metazoa (kingdom)
Chordata (phylum)
Craniata (subphylum)
Vertebrata (no rank)
Gnathostomata (superclass)
Sarcopterygii (class)
Tetrapoda (no rank)
Amniota (no rank)
Sauropsida (no rank)
Sauria (no rank)
Archosauria (no rank)
Aves (class)
Neognathae (superorder)
Sphenisciformes (order)
Spheniscidae (family)
Spheniscus (genus)
Spheniscus humboldti (species)
Humboldt's penguin (primary common name)
[hide inferior taxa]